![]() The end goal is often to gain unauthorized access to computers, networks, computing systems, mobile devices or internet of things systems. ![]() Ethical hackers test for cybersecurity vulnerabilities and may take up hacking as a profession - for example, a penetration tester (pen tester) - or as a hobby. Hackers use technical skills to exploit cybersecurity defenses. It has evolved over the years to refer to someone with an advanced understanding of computers, networking, programming or hardware. ![]() Hacker was first used in the 1960s to describe a programmer or an individual who, in an era of highly constrained computer capabilities, could increase the efficiency of computer code in a way that removed, or hacked, excess machine code instructions from a program. ![]() However, the term is also commonly applied to individuals who use this skill for illegal or unethical purposes. The term hacker has historically been a divisive one, sometimes being used as a term of admiration for individuals who exhibit a high degree of skill and creativity in their approach to technical problems. A hacker may, for example, steal information to hurt people via identity theft or bring down a system and, often, hold it hostage in order to collect a ransom. The term also may refer to anyone who uses their abilities to gain unauthorized access to systems or networks in order to commit crimes. A hacker is an individual who uses computer, networking or other skills to overcome a technical problem.
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